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        "quote": "> [!exercise] <a class=\"object-permalink\" href=\"#problem-5-4\">习题 5.4</a> \n>\n> 定义“<u id=\"concept-5-symmetric-operator\" class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:1510ce98-1ea2-4c9a-8847-10f4ea3df1e4\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-1510ce98-1ea2-4c9a-8847-10f4ea3df1e4\">对称算符(symmetric operator)</u> $S : V \\to V$”这一概念为满足以下条件的算符：\n>\n> $$\n> (S u) \\cdot v = u \\cdot (S v) \\quad \\text {   for   all   } u, v \\in V.\n> $$\n>\n> 证明这导致该分量方程\n>\n> $$\n> S _ {i} ^ {k} g _ {k j} = g _ {i k} S _ {j} ^ {k},\n> $$\n>\n> 等价于矩阵方程\n>\n> $$\n> \\mathsf {S} ^ {T} \\mathsf {G} = \\mathsf {G S}.\n> $$\n>\n> 证明：在欧氏空间中，对于标准正交基，这导致通常的对称性概念，但在伪欧氏空间中则不成立。",
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        "quote": "如果 $A=A^{*}$，则称稠密域上的算符 $\\left(A, D_{A}\\right)$ 是<u id=\"concept-13-self-adjoint\" class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:454e5037-ea6c-46dc-a2b9-d9b27c051ab1\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-454e5037-ea6c-46dc-a2b9-d9b27c051ab1\">自伴的(self-adjoint)</u>。这意味着不仅两边的定义域上都有 $A u=A^{*} u$，而且两个定义域是相等的，$D_{A}=D_{A^{*}}$ .根据<a href=\"#theorem-13-21\" class=\"cross-reference\" id=\"xref-06-unbounded-operators-8\" data-reference=\"theorem-13-21\">定理 13.21</a>，每个自伴算符都是闭的。这不是将厄米算符概念推广到无界算符的唯一定义。下面的定义也很有用。在 $\\mathcal{H}$ 中，如果对任意的 $u, v \\in D_{A}$，都有 $\\langle A u \\mid v\\rangle=\\langle u \\mid A v\\rangle$ ，则稠定算子 $\\left(A, D_{A}\\right)$ 称为<u id=\"concept-13-symmetric-operator\" class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:1510ce98-1ea2-4c9a-8847-10f4ea3df1e4\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-1510ce98-1ea2-4c9a-8847-10f4ea3df1e4\">对称算符(symmetric operator)</u>。",
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