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        "quote": "在经典力学中，物理<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:d07b8252-8aa0-41c2-a5b3-a8bec45db852\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-d07b8252-8aa0-41c2-a5b3-a8bec45db852\" id=\"first-c5a94a7805820963224f-zh\">可观测量(observable)</u>指的是位置、动量、能量或角动量等量，它们是实数或实多分量对象。在量子力学中，可观测量由态希尔伯特空间上的自伴算符表示。我们首先考虑$A$是厄米算符（有界且连续）的情形。若相应的厄米算符$A$是完备的，使得存在由特征向量${ | \\psi _ { 1 } \\rangle } , { | \\psi _ { 2 } \\rangle } , . . .$构成的正交标准基，则称这样的可观测量为<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:15b77a32-b796-4d9e-9b2a-b42524bbd897\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-15b77a32-b796-4d9e-9b2a-b42524bbd897\" id=\"first-2d6d7e1b24ad7449faba-zh\">完备可观测量(complete observable)</u>。使得",
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