{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "kind": "ConceptView",
  "producer": "concept-view-1",
  "concept_id": "urn:uuid:16e15429-a004-4dab-a343-1d520139d5ff",
  "labels": {
    "zh-CN": "鬼",
    "en": "ghosts"
  },
  "alternative_labels": [],
  "scope_note": "",
  "identity_status": "active",
  "identity_revision": "5a5abb149700236f77b8ade2f08360ea0b5c92c134a08b983c5460eff316394a",
  "occurrences": [
    {
      "concept_id": "urn:uuid:16e15429-a004-4dab-a343-1d520139d5ff",
      "book_id": "woit-qtgr",
      "edition_id": "2025-10-20",
      "lang": "zh-CN",
      "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/zh/chapter-31/03-the-schr-odinger-representation-for-fermions-ghosts",
      "anchor": "first-0f2028ef8130e4980332-zh",
      "chapter": "31",
      "section": "31.2",
      "offset": 2572,
      "range": [
        9301,
        9593
      ],
      "source_revision": "888b2be783d78c7fa431573aec0ca2c8b49cf66fdcee0654589a3c44c1dd82de",
      "source_category": "machine_draft",
      "review_status": "machine-draft-not-reviewed",
      "role": "occurrence",
      "role_basis": {
        "kind": "explicit-source-uuid-marker"
      },
      "label": "鬼(ghosts)",
      "context": {
        "range": [
          9256,
          9707
        ],
        "quote": "负范数态使通常的物理解释失效，因为这个负数本应表示系统处于该态的概率。这类量子系统称为“[<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-reference=\"concepts/quantum-mechanics/ghost-state\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:16e15429-a004-4dab-a343-1d520139d5ff\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-16e15429-a004-4dab-a343-1d520139d5ff\" id=\"first-0f2028ef8130e4980332-zh\">鬼(ghosts)</u>](../../../../../concepts/quantum-mechanics/ghost-state)”。它们确实可用于描述某些量子系统，但前提是存在一种机制，使负范数态相消，或以其他方式将其从理论的物理态空间中移除。",
        "quote_sha256": "77d77259222ee19fb2ca8578ae0cca38e39693e6f3550fcf6dceb3b5d44f3b40",
        "environment": null,
        "excerpt_omitted": false
      },
      "parallel_readings": [
        {
          "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/en/chapter-31/03-the-schr-odinger-representation-for-fermions-ghosts",
          "lang": "en",
          "source_category": "machine_draft",
          "basis": "registered-book-edition-section-language-context; not-concept-equivalence"
        }
      ],
      "id": "occ-9db7e74641fe98fbf2890181"
    },
    {
      "concept_id": "urn:uuid:16e15429-a004-4dab-a343-1d520139d5ff",
      "book_id": "woit-qtgr",
      "edition_id": "2025-10-20",
      "lang": "en",
      "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/en/chapter-31/03-the-schr-odinger-representation-for-fermions-ghosts",
      "anchor": "first-0f2028ef8130e4980332-en",
      "chapter": "31",
      "section": "31.2",
      "offset": 4365,
      "range": [
        10251,
        10540
      ],
      "source_revision": "1088c127f799309938d8be95c40b0249c8ecb19e031598851479d22edae141d2",
      "source_category": "machine_draft",
      "review_status": "machine-draft-not-reviewed",
      "role": "occurrence",
      "role_basis": {
        "kind": "explicit-source-uuid-marker"
      },
      "label": "ghosts",
      "context": {
        "range": [
          10025,
          10811
        ],
        "quote": "Having such negative-norm states ruins any standard interpretation of this as a physical system, since this negative number is supposed to the probability of finding the system in this state. Such quantum systems are called “[<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-reference=\"concepts/quantum-mechanics/ghost-state\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:16e15429-a004-4dab-a343-1d520139d5ff\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-16e15429-a004-4dab-a343-1d520139d5ff\" id=\"first-0f2028ef8130e4980332-en\">ghosts</u>](../../../../../concepts/quantum-mechanics/ghost-state)”, and do have applications in the description of various quantum systems, but only when a mechanism exists for the negative-norm states to cancel or otherwise be removed from the physical state space of the theory.",
        "quote_sha256": "656b607e5b3564455f88eb7d07b01a0fc995182b87480365b3f858a81f3898f3",
        "environment": null,
        "excerpt_omitted": false
      },
      "parallel_readings": [
        {
          "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/zh/chapter-31/03-the-schr-odinger-representation-for-fermions-ghosts",
          "lang": "zh-CN",
          "source_category": "machine_draft",
          "basis": "registered-book-edition-section-language-context; not-concept-equivalence"
        }
      ],
      "id": "occ-5fec7dae0ae6710a2f442921"
    }
  ],
  "registered_positions": [
    {
      "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/en/chapter-31/03-the-schr-odinger-representation-for-fermions-ghosts",
      "lang": "en",
      "section": "31.2",
      "signal": "term-mark",
      "label": "ghosts",
      "english": "ghosts",
      "offset": 4365
    },
    {
      "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/zh/chapter-31/03-the-schr-odinger-representation-for-fermions-ghosts",
      "lang": "zh-CN",
      "section": "31.2",
      "signal": "term-mark",
      "label": "鬼",
      "english": "ghosts",
      "offset": 2572
    }
  ],
  "statements": [],
  "resolved_references": [],
  "reading_order": [
    "occ-9db7e74641fe98fbf2890181",
    "occ-5fec7dae0ae6710a2f442921"
  ],
  "recorded_dependencies": [],
  "reading_paths": [],
  "coverage": {
    "registered_positions": 2,
    "located_occurrences": 2,
    "whole_book_search_complete": false,
    "registered_positions_truncated": false,
    "independent_human_review_implied": false
  },
  "unresolved": [],
  "base_revision": "d5fc070f906c406cbc0844943231d4d4b0be8476808f4810593bdfff1fbb71db",
  "optional_enrichments": []
}