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        "quote": "$\\sigma_1+i\\sigma_2$ 称为“<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:27f67021-0375-4a5d-9cac-fe0b1732d93d\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-27f67021-0375-4a5d-9cac-fe0b1732d93d\" id=\"first-1a7da8cabae448280d89-zh\">升算符(raising operator)</u>”：作用于 $\\sigma_3$ 的特征向量时，它要么使特征值增加 2，要么将该向量映为零。$\\sigma_1-i\\sigma_2$ 称为“<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:29b6091c-063a-4f0d-9eda-a479679da7a2\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-29b6091c-063a-4f0d-9eda-a479679da7a2\" id=\"first-4f2b7426ee5a9462a3dc-zh\">降算符(lowering operator)</u>”：作用于 $\\sigma_3$ 的特征向量时，它要么使特征值减少 2，要么将该向量映为零。注意，这两个线性组合都不是自伴算符，因而不是可观测量；前者是后者的伴随，反之亦然。",
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