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        "quote": "在经典物理学中，系统的状态由“<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:85694223-0c9f-4798-a693-c9ae294130f3\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-85694223-0c9f-4798-a693-c9ae294130f3\" id=\"first-3ed50b2c89c22e69f977-zh\">相空间(phase space)</u>”中的一个点表示。相空间也可以看作运动方程的解空间；若以初始值数据为参数，则它也可视为坐标与动量构成的空间。可观测量就是定义在这个空间上的函数（例如坐标和动量的函数）。其中有一个特殊的可观测量是能量，即<span id=\"first-14c43d8a9215edd8df7d-zh\" class=\"block-anchor\"></span><u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:3c76b2f0-1ccb-43f9-b00a-b8ea4bc88a8d\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-3c76b2f0-1ccb-43f9-b00a-b8ea4bc88a8d\" id=\"first-14c43d8a9215edd8df7d-classical-zh\">哈密顿量(Hamiltonian)</u>；它通过<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:2c564b8b-ea23-4822-b010-583fc86fb905\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-2c564b8b-ea23-4822-b010-583fc86fb905\" id=\"first-5868fd80b3ed210241c9-zh\">哈密顿方程(Hamilton’s equations)</u>决定状态如何随时间演化。",
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