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      "label": "玻恩定则(Born rule)",
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        "quote": "\n> [!theorem] 原理 · <u id=\"concept-1-born-rule\" class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-id=\"concept-1-born-rule\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:5f84a75b-3492-448f-a42d-c54cf4c32da0\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-5f84a75b-3492-448f-a42d-c54cf4c32da0\">玻恩定则(Born rule)</u>\n> <span id=\"source-block-1043\" class=\"block-anchor\"></span>\n>\n> 给定一个可观测量 $O$，以及两个范数为 1 的态 $|\\psi_1\\rangle$ 和 $|\\psi_2\\rangle$；它们分别是 $O$ 对应于不同特征值 $\\lambda_1$、$\\lambda_2$ 的特征向量：\n>\n> <span id=\"source-block-1044\" class=\"block-anchor\"></span>\n>\n> $$\n> O | \\psi_ {1} \\rangle = \\lambda_ {1} | \\psi_ {1} \\rangle , O | \\psi_ {2} \\rangle = \\lambda_ {2} | \\psi_ {2} \\rangle\n> $$\n>\n> 由这两个态构成的复线性组合态为：\n>\n> <span id=\"source-block-1046\" class=\"block-anchor\"></span>\n>\n> $$\n> c _ {1} | \\psi_ {1} \\rangle + c _ {2} | \\psi_ {2} \\rangle\n> $$\n>\n> <span id=\"source-block-1047\" class=\"block-anchor\"></span>\n>\n> 这种复线性组合态对于可观测量 $O$ 没有确定的取值。若测量 $O$，结果可能是 $\\lambda_1$ 或 $\\lambda_2$，对应概率依次为\n>\n> <span id=\"source-block-1048\" class=\"block-anchor\"></span>\n>\n> $$\n> \\frac{|c_1|^2}{|c_1|^2+|c_2|^2}\n> $$\n>\n> <span id=\"source-block-1049\" class=\"block-anchor\"></span>\n>\n> 和\n>\n> <span id=\"source-block-1050\" class=\"block-anchor\"></span>\n>\n> $$\n> \\frac{|c_2|^2}{|c_1|^2+|c_2|^2}\n> $$\n>\n> 。\n",
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