{ "schema_version": 1, "kind": "ConceptView", "producer": "concept-view-1", "concept_id": "urn:uuid:60143061-9c32-4555-8fdc-847e68ce8f16", "labels": { "zh-CN": "量子比特", "en": "qubit" }, "alternative_labels": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "qubits" } ], "scope_note": "", "identity_status": "active", "identity_revision": "7fdf4b77e9085a133b70efcf31abff6ba7a0b6b71c6fa6d2b55668d36ecd027d", "occurrences": [ { "concept_id": "urn:uuid:60143061-9c32-4555-8fdc-847e68ce8f16", "book_id": "woit-qtgr", "edition_id": "2025-10-20", "lang": "zh-CN", "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/zh/chapter-03/01-the-two-state-quantum-system", "anchor": "first-87c83517ffc7a6e93810-zh", "chapter": "3", "section": "3.1", "offset": 4474, "range": [ 16864, 17152 ], "source_revision": "45b988396e9d8b60042fff90b58ac157f2196275c5c7e86231f3f54857f6c921", "source_category": "translation", "review_status": "unreviewed", "role": "occurrence", "role_basis": { "kind": "explicit-source-uuid-marker" }, "label": "量子比特(qubit)", "context": { "range": [ 16420, 17452 ], "quote": "特征值为 $+ 1$ 和 $- 1$。在量子信息论(quantum information theory)中，这里讨论的正是[量子比特(qubit)](../../../../../concepts/quantum-mechanics/qubit)系统；与经典信息比特相类比，这两个本征态分别记作 $|0\\rangle$ 和 $|1\\rangle$。当我们在[第 7 章](../chapter-07/index#section-7)讨论自旋时，会看到可观测量 ${ \\scriptstyle { \\frac { 1 } { 2 } } } \\sigma _ { 3 }$ 以一种非平凡的方式对应于绕第三空间轴旋转的群 $SO(2)=U(1)$ 的作用。该算符的特征值 $-\\frac12$ 和 $+\\frac12$ 将用来标记这两个本征态，因此：", "quote_sha256": "28d52f193fcea81509dd0aece8a1defd6738ab30d099d243b13e685777369eba", "environment": null, "excerpt_omitted": false }, "parallel_readings": [ { "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/en/chapter-03/01-the-two-state-quantum-system", "lang": "en", "source_category": "original_transcription", "basis": "registered-book-edition-section-language-context; not-concept-equivalence" } ], "id": "occ-976fcd55ebc3b7854f53d10d" }, { "concept_id": "urn:uuid:60143061-9c32-4555-8fdc-847e68ce8f16", "book_id": "woit-qtgr", "edition_id": "2025-10-20", "lang": "zh-CN", "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/zh/chapter-03/04-for-further-reading", "anchor": "source-block-3140", "chapter": "3", "section": "3.4", "offset": 1020, "range": [ 6704, 6940 ], "source_revision": "aadaf4385dd4a4a937c62a1c1d79642e9aeb95d052d9152953eb88a92cf795b7", "source_category": "translation", "review_status": "unreviewed", "role": "occurrence", "role_basis": { "kind": "explicit-source-uuid-marker" }, "label": "量子比特(qubit)", "context": { "range": [ 6046, 7093 ], "quote": "许多量子力学教科书如今从[二态系统](01-the-two-state-quantum-system#section-3-1)讲起，对它的处理比本书此处详细得多，也更充分地讨论其物理解释（例如[\\[97\\]](../../../../../references/woit-2025-10-20.pdf#page=580)）。费曼《物理学讲义》第三卷 [\\[25\\]](../../../../../references/woit-2025-10-20.pdf#page=575) 是一本量子力学教材，前半部的大部分篇幅都用于讨论二态系统。[量子信息论(Quantum Information Theory)](01-the-two-state-quantum-system#concept-3-quantum-information-theory)从另一视角研究量子理论，并将这类系统置于核心位置；在这一语境中，它们称为“[量子比特(qubit)](01-the-two-state-quantum-system#source-block-3020)”。John Preskill 的量子计算讲义 [\\[69\\]](../../../../../references/woit-2025-10-20.pdf#page=578) 是这方面的一种参考资料。", "quote_sha256": "2b93eec4b8950f29c07142e368691fbb06b6b35c215b860ca6fc105b8e69879c", "environment": null, "excerpt_omitted": false }, "parallel_readings": [ { "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/en/chapter-03/04-for-further-reading", "lang": "en", "source_category": "original_transcription", "basis": "registered-book-edition-section-language-context; not-concept-equivalence" } ], "id": "occ-a4e5ed2750e111295f1a608b" }, { "concept_id": "urn:uuid:60143061-9c32-4555-8fdc-847e68ce8f16", "book_id": "woit-qtgr", "edition_id": "2025-10-20", "lang": "en", "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/en/chapter-03/04-for-further-reading", "anchor": "first-87c83517ffc7a6e93810-en", "chapter": "3", "section": "3.4", "offset": 1297, "range": [ 6250, 6515 ], "source_revision": "ae98b9d143c97a7eb641f36027467f7d8c9bb83c12abe854725d1d486257c1a4", "source_category": "original_transcription", "review_status": "ai-transcription-compared", "role": "occurrence", "role_basis": { "kind": "explicit-source-uuid-marker" }, "label": "qubit", "context": { "range": [ 5315, 6758 ], "quote": "Many quantum mechanics textbooks now begin with the [two-state system](01-the-two-state-quantum-system#section-3-1), treating it in much more detail than we do here and discussing its physical interpretation at greater length (for example, [\\[97\\]](../../../../../references/woit-2025-10-20.pdf#page=580)). Volume III of Feynman’s *Lectures on Physics* [\\[25\\]](../../../../../references/woit-2025-10-20.pdf#page=575) is a quantum mechanics text, with much of its first half devoted to two-state systems. The field of [Quantum Information Theory](01-the-two-state-quantum-system#concept-3-quantum-information-theory) offers a perspective on quantum theory that puts such systems, called “[qubit](01-the-two-state-quantum-system#source-block-3020)” in this context, front and center. One possible reference for this material is John Preskill’s notes on quantum computation [\\[69\\]](../../../../../references/woit-2025-10-20.pdf#page=578).", "quote_sha256": "492d4035d16ed2910402c85c020947c2cdf8d44f2455f81edcfa4fe0ee1971a2", "environment": null, "excerpt_omitted": false }, "parallel_readings": [ { "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/zh/chapter-03/04-for-further-reading", "lang": "zh-CN", "source_category": "translation", "basis": "registered-book-edition-section-language-context; not-concept-equivalence" } ], "id": "occ-d723e7a25ac14ce53b3c32d1" }, { "concept_id": "urn:uuid:60143061-9c32-4555-8fdc-847e68ce8f16", "book_id": "woit-qtgr", "edition_id": "2025-10-20", "lang": "zh-CN", "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/zh/chapter-07/02-the-spin-half-particle-in-a-magnetic-field", "anchor": "concept-7-qubit", "chapter": "7", "section": "7.2", "offset": 13576, "range": [ 23787, 24003 ], "source_revision": "af42ca8c868bc2cdc5dca3ef8a46b1cd266fae227aaba16f410d9185fd6d5068", 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"lang": "en", "route": "books/woit-qtgr/2025-10-20/en/chapter-07/02-the-spin-half-particle-in-a-magnetic-field", "anchor": "first-e65e727d45fa5db68b76-en", "chapter": "7", "section": "7.2", "offset": 16641, "range": [ 25962, 26187 ], "source_revision": "2f4e030ded93d226da1b050014630cb67a384fcab12bb0f30e051144b3d12eec", "source_category": "machine_draft", "review_status": "machine-draft-not-reviewed", "role": "occurrence", "role_basis": { "kind": "explicit-source-uuid-marker" }, "label": "qubits", "context": { "range": [ 25580, 26370 ], "quote": "- [Quantum computing](../../../../../concepts/quantum-mechanics/quantum-computing): building a quantum computer requires combining multiple systems of this kind ([qubits](../../../../../concepts/quantum-mechanics/qubit)), isolating them from environmental perturbations while still allowing controlled interactions that preserve their quantum behavior.", "quote_sha256": "b050c3ddda8b31020b172f782fc00d54088fe534d1bc6a63706a8c7e4a4657bc", 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