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        "quote": "由于相空间 $\\mathcal { H } _ { 1 }$ 是复函数的空间，存在一个显然的群在该空间上酉作用：即函数复值的相位变换群 $U ( 1 )$。这种在空间坐标上平凡作用、但在 $\\psi ( x )$ 的值上非平凡作用的群作用称为“[<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-reference=\"concepts/quantum-field-theory/internal-symmetry\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:71daf83d-6115-4bde-94bf-237daf170c67\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-71daf83d-6115-4bde-94bf-237daf170c67\" id=\"first-4451a09d81003ddd9c03-zh\">内部对称性(internal symmetry)</u>](../../../../../concepts/quantum-field-theory/internal-symmetry)”。如果场 $\\psi$ 具有多个分量，取值于 $\\mathbf { C } ^ { n }$，则会有更大群 $U ( n )$ 的酉作用。",
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        "quote": "Since the phase space $\\mathcal { H } _ { 1 }$ is a space of complex functions, there is an obvious group that acts unitarily on this space: the group $U ( 1 )$ of phase transformations of the complex values of the function. Such a group action that acts trivially on the spatial coordinates but non-trivially on the values of $\\psi ( x )$ is called an “[<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-reference=\"concepts/quantum-field-theory/internal-symmetry\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:71daf83d-6115-4bde-94bf-237daf170c67\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-71daf83d-6115-4bde-94bf-237daf170c67\" id=\"first-4451a09d81003ddd9c03-en\">internal symmetry</u>](../../../../../concepts/quantum-field-theory/internal-symmetry)”. If the fields $\\psi$ have multiple components, taking values in $\\mathbf { C } ^ { n }$ , there will be a unitary action of the larger group $U ( n )$ .",
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