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        "quote": "如同<a href=\"#example-9-3\" class=\"cross-reference\" id=\"xref-04-electrodynamics-1\" data-reference=\"example-9-3\">例 9.3</a> 中那样，设闵可夫斯基时空中存在连续的电荷分布，其电荷密度为 $\\rho ( \\mathbf { r } , \\ t )$，电荷通量密度或电流密度为 $\\mathbf { j } = \\rho \\mathbf { v } ,$，其中 $\\mathbf { v } ( \\mathbf { r } , t )$ 是流体的速度场。系统的总电荷是标量——否则未电离气体一般不会电中性。在流体于任一事件 $p$ 处的局部瞬时静止系中，电荷密度记为 $\\rho _ { 0 } ( p )$，称为 <u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:a02550bd-936b-4152-a46e-65678fcc71d3\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-a02550bd-936b-4152-a46e-65678fcc71d3\" id=\"first-cc489f6e49ed53e7a5f2-zh\">固有电荷密度(proper charge density)</u>。可以假定它是标量，因为它是相对于 $p .$ 处的特定惯性系定义的。另一方面，电荷密度 $\\rho$ 由下式给出",
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        "quote": "As in <a href=\"#example-9-3\" class=\"cross-reference\" id=\"xref-04-electrodynamics-3\" data-reference=\"example-9-3\">Example 9.3</a>, let there be a continuous distribution of electric charge present in Minkowski space-time, having charge density $\\rho ( \\mathbf { r } , \\ t )$ and charge flux density or current density $\\mathbf { j } = \\rho \\mathbf { v } ,$ where $\\mathbf { v } ( \\mathbf { r } , t )$ is the velocity field of the fluid. The total charge of a system is a scalar quantity – else an unionized gase would not generally be electrically neutral. Charge density in a local instantaneous rest frame of the fluid at any event $p$ is denoted $\\rho _ { 0 } ( p )$ and is known as <u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:a02550bd-936b-4152-a46e-65678fcc71d3\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-a02550bd-936b-4152-a46e-65678fcc71d3\" id=\"first-cc489f6e49ed53e7a5f2-en\">proper charge density</u>. It may be assumed to be a scalar quantity, since it is defined in a specific inertial frame at $p .$ . On the other hand, the charge density $\\rho$ is given by",
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