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        "quote": "这就是[<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-reference=\"concepts/quantum-field-theory/particle-number-conservation\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:c922485e-38de-4c71-8b31-2cf8e45ac65a\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-c922485e-38de-4c71-8b31-2cf8e45ac65a\" id=\"first-955c0514be01bdc82953-zh\">粒子数守恒(particle number conservation)</u>](../../../../../concepts/quantum-field-theory/particle-number-conservation)：初始态若有确定粒子数，该数值就保持不变。它源于复场 $\\Psi$ 的 $U(1)$ 相位对称性，$\\widehat N$ 是该对称的量子化生成元。若 $\\mathcal H_1$ 上的哈密顿函数 $h$ 在 $U(1)$ 下不变，即各项含有相同数目的 $\\Psi$ 与 $\\bar\\Psi$，则 $\\widehat N$ 与 $\\widehat H$ 对易，粒子数守恒。",
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