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        "quote": "所有零模 4-向量的集合称为 <u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:de88ac36-e07b-4d19-99c2-7a8b00ff4d65\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-de88ac36-e07b-4d19-99c2-7a8b00ff4d65\" id=\"first-6e7f24d809c91440033c-zh\">零锥(null cone)</u>。它是 4-向量构成的向量空间 $V$ 的一个子集。在 $p \\in M .$ 处的光锥概念定义于 2.30 节，它是 $M$ 中与 $p$ 由零模向量相连的点的集合，$C _ { p } = \\{ q | g ( q - p , q - p ) = 0 \\} \\subset M .$ 图 9.1 展示了零锥如何将 4-向量划分为各类。位于零锥上半部之内或之上的类时向量或零模向量称为 <u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:ea1ef8ed-70b0-4b91-baa3-ae78f479f3a5\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-ea1ef8ed-70b0-4b91-baa3-ae78f479f3a5\" id=\"first-b530498fb686f092dbf9-zh\">指向未来的(future-pointing)</u>，而位于下半部的则称为 <u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:b642e129-ab4e-43a2-aff0-96debafdeb6e\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-b642e129-ab4e-43a2-aff0-96debafdeb6e\" id=\"first-3e14d5fe3bfa1870e1aa-zh\">指向过去的(past-pointing)</u>。",
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        "quote": "The set of all null 4-vectors is called the <u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:de88ac36-e07b-4d19-99c2-7a8b00ff4d65\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-de88ac36-e07b-4d19-99c2-7a8b00ff4d65\" id=\"first-6e7f24d809c91440033c-en\">null cone</u>. This is a subset of the vector space $V$ of 4-vectors. The concept of a light cone at $p \\in M .$ , defined in Section 2.30, is the set of points of $M$ that are connected to $p$ by a null vector, $C _ { p } = \\{ q | g ( q - p , q - p ) = 0 \\} \\subset M .$ Figure 9.1 shows how the null cone separates 4-vectors into the various classes. Timelike or null vectors falling within or on the upper half of the null cone are called <u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:ea1ef8ed-70b0-4b91-baa3-ae78f479f3a5\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-ea1ef8ed-70b0-4b91-baa3-ae78f479f3a5\" id=\"first-b530498fb686f092dbf9-en\">future-pointing</u>, while those in the lower half are <u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:b642e129-ab4e-43a2-aff0-96debafdeb6e\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-b642e129-ab4e-43a2-aff0-96debafdeb6e\" id=\"first-3e14d5fe3bfa1870e1aa-en\">past-pointing</u>.",
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