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        "quote": "传统物理学讨论李代数表示时，通常会在计算中允许使用复系数，因为我们关注的是复表示。这里有一个容易混淆的细节：李代数本身是实向量空间，却常作为复矩阵空间的子空间出现。要准确把握这一点，需要理解向量空间或李代数的“[<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-reference=\"concepts/linear-algebra/complexification\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:eaa8baed-19fe-4db6-a610-2a84829b114d\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-eaa8baed-19fe-4db6-a610-2a84829b114d\" id=\"first-b40c8c00e19d679adde9-zh\">复化(complexification)</u>](../../../../../concepts/linear-algebra/complexification)”这一概念。有时，复化可以简单理解为把实系数推广到复系数；另一些时候，则需要更复杂的构造。初读时，读者可以先略读本节，等具体问题中出现这些细节、需要弄清其处理方式时再回来细读。",
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        "quote": "此外，回顾一下，这个表示还有第四种同构形式，即 $\\mathrm{SO}(3)$ 在列向量上的表示。这同样是一个实表示，但可以直接[<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-reference=\"concepts/linear-algebra/complexification\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:eaa8baed-19fe-4db6-a610-2a84829b114d\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-eaa8baed-19fe-4db6-a610-2a84829b114d\">复化(complexification)</u>](../../../../../concepts/linear-algebra/complexification)。由于 $\\mathfrak{so}(3)$ 与 $\\mathfrak{su}(2)$ 是同构李代数，它们的复化 $\\mathfrak{so}(3)_\\mathbb{C}$ 与 $\\mathfrak{sl}(2,\\mathbb{C})$ 也同构。",
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        "quote": "产生算符与湮灭算符的二次组合给出希尔伯特空间 $\\mathcal H$ 上的表示；所涉及的三个李子代数属于实辛李代数 $\\mathfrak{sp}(4,\\mathbb R)$ 的[<u class=\"concept-term\" data-concept-reference=\"concepts/linear-algebra/complexification\" data-concept-identity=\"urn:uuid:eaa8baed-19fe-4db6-a610-2a84829b114d\" data-concept-route=\"/concept-identities#concept-eaa8baed-19fe-4db6-a610-2a84829b114d\">复化(complexification)</u>](../../../../../concepts/linear-algebra/complexification) $\\mathfrak{sp}(4,\\mathbb C)$：",
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