Woit · §35.1 Lagrangian mechanics

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While the Legendre transform method given above works in some situations, more generally and more abstractly, one can pass from the Lagrangian to the Hamiltonian formalism by taking as phase space the space of solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations. This is sometimes called the “covariant phase space”, and it can often concretely be realized by fixing a time and parametrizing solutions by their initial conditions at such a . One can also go directly from the action to a sort of Poisson bracket on this covariant phase space (this is called the “Peierls bracket”). For a general Lagrangian, one can pass to a version of the Hamiltonian formalism either by this method or by the method of Hamiltonian mechanics with constraints. Only for a special class of Lagrangians though will one get a non-degenerate Poisson bracket on a linear phase space and recover the usual properties of the standard Hamiltonian formalism.

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正文:英文 OCR 草稿

来源版本:2025-10-20

原文位置:§35.1;PDF 页 389;印刷页 372

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虽然上面给出的勒让德变换方法在某些情形下有效,但更一般且更抽象地说,人们可以通过取欧拉-拉格朗日方程解的空间作为相空间,从拉格朗日形式过渡到哈密顿形式。这有时被称为“协变相空间”,并且通常可以通过固定一个时间 并用解在该 a 处的初始条件来参数化解,从而具体实现。人们也可以直接从作用量出发,在这个协变相空间上得到某种泊松括号(这被称为“皮尔斯括号”)。对于一般的拉格朗日量,人们可以通过这种方法,或者通过带约束的哈密顿力学方法,过渡到哈密顿形式的一种版本。然而,只有对于一类特殊的拉格朗日量,人们才会在线性相空间上得到一个非退化的泊松括号,并恢复标准哈密顿形式的通常性质。

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正文:中文机译草稿

来源版本:2025-10-20

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