Woit · §7.2 The spin 1/2 particle in a magnetic field
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英文 OCR 草稿
The author defines expected value as a probability-weighted sum of eigenvalues.
机器草稿中的定义提及
If a quantum system is in an arbitrary state it may not have a well-defined value for some observable but the “expected value” of A can be calculated. This is the sum over a basis of H consisting of eigenvectors (which will all be orthogonal) of the corresponding eigenvalues, weighted by the probability of their occurrence.
中文机译草稿
Woit · §7.3 The Heisenberg picture
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中文机译草稿
Woit · §7.4 Complex projective space
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英文 OCR 草稿
The opening paragraph notes that nonzero complex rescaling leaves expectation values unchanged.
机器草稿中的相关讨论摘录
There is a diferent possible approach to characterizing states of a quantum system with . Multiplication of vectors in by a non-zero complex number does not change eigenvectors, eigenvalues or expectation values, so arguably has no physical efect. Thus what is physically relevant is the quotient space , which is constructed by taking all non-zero elements of and identifying those related by multiplication by a non-zero complex number.
中文机译草稿
开篇指出,向量乘以非零复数不会改变期望值。
机器草稿中的相关讨论摘录
刻画具有 的量子系统状态还有另一种可能的方法。将 中的向量乘以非零复数不会改变特征向量、特征值或期望值,因此可以说没有物理效应。于是,物理上相关的是商空间 ,它是通过取 的所有非零元素,并将那些通过乘以非零复数相关联的元素等同起来而构造的。
来源与版本
正文:中文机译草稿
来源版本:2025-10-20
原文位置:§7.4;PDF 页 98;印刷页 81
处理记录:MinerU OCR;machine-translation/deepseek-v4.1-flash
核对状态:中文机译草稿 · 待校对