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Woit · 2025-10-20
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§9.4 · zh-CN · machine_draft · machine-draft-not-reviewed
定理 9.1(Clebsch–Gordan 分解)
张量积表示分解为不可约表示的直和:
证明
证明这一结果的一种方法是使用最高权理论、升算符与降算符以及 Casimir 算符公式。下一节将用特征标给出一个更简单的论证。这里先概述一种证明思路;更多细节可参见例如 [71] 的第 5.2 节。
设和是两个表示的最高权向量。那么,是张量积表示中的最高权向量:它被湮灭,权为。因此,会出现在分解中。将作用于,可得到该表示中其余向量的一组基。在权处,可以找到另一个与中的向量正交的最高权向量。对它作用下降算符,就得到。同理,在权处还能找到另一个正交的最高权向量,并得到另一个表示。如此继续,直到权为止。
§9.4 · en · machine_draft · machine-draft-not-reviewed
Theorem 9.1 (Clebsch–Gordan decomposition)
The tensor-product representation decomposes into irreducibles as
Proof
One proof uses highest-weight theory, the raising and lowering operators, and the formula for the Casimir operator. The next section gives a simpler argument using characters. Here is an outline; for more detail, see, for example, §5.2 of [71].
Let and be highest-weight vectors for the two representations. Then is a highest-weight vector in their tensor-product representation: it is annihilated by and has weight . Thus, occurs in the decomposition. Applying to gives a basis for the remaining vectors in this representation. At weight , one can find another highest-weight vector, orthogonal to the vectors in . Applying the lowering operator to it gives . Continuing in this way, one finds another orthogonal highest-weight vector at weight , and obtains another representation. This process terminates at weight .