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§18.10 · zh-CN · translation · unreviewed
爱因斯坦场方程可由变分原理导出,只需将拉格朗日量取为里奇标量,。这被称为希尔伯特拉格朗日量(Hilbert Lagrangian)。对于独立变量,既可以取度量张量分量,也可以取其逆张量的分量。我们将采用后者,因为它稍微更为方便(读者可以尝试针对变量 调整随后的分析。我们不能直接使用欧拉–拉格朗日方程 式 (18.113),因为 依赖于 及其一阶和二阶导数。虽然欧拉–拉格朗日分析可以推广到包含依赖于场二阶导数的拉格朗日量(见问题18.32),但这将是一项极其复杂的计算。直接进行,我们有
§18.10 · en · original_transcription · unreviewed
Einstein’s field equations may be derived from a variation principle, by setting the Lagrangian to be the Ricci scalar, . This is known as the Hilbert Lagrangian. For independent variables it is possible to take either the metric tensor components or those of the inverse tensor . We will adopt the latter, as it is slightly more convenient (the reader may try to adapt the analysis that follows for the variables . We cannot use the Euler–Lagrange equations Eq. (18.113) as they stand since is dependent on and its first and second derivatives. While the Euler–Lagrange analysis can be extended to include Lagrangians that depend on second derivatives of the fields (see Problem 18.32), this would be a prohibitively complicated calculation. Proceeding directly, we have