Szekeres · §5.1 实内积空间
英文原文
原文定义摘录
Let be a real finite dimensional vector space with . A real inner product, often referred to simply as an inner product when there is no danger of confusion, on the vector space is a map that assigns a real number to every pair of vectors , satisfying the following three conditions:
(RIP1) The map is symmetric in both arguments,
(RIP2) The distributive law holds,
(RIP3) If for all then
A real vector space together with an inner product defined on it is called a real inner product space. The inner product is also distributive on the first argument for, by conditions (RIP1) and (RIP2),
We often refer to this linearity in both arguments by saying that the inner product is bilinear.
As a consequence of property (RIP3) the inner product is said to be non-singular and is often referred to as pseudo-Euclidean. Sometimes (RIP3) is replaced by the stronger condition
(RIP3’) for all vectors
In this case the inner product is said to be positive definite or Euclidean, and a vector space with such an inner product defined on it is called a Euclidean vector space. Condition (RIP3’) implies condition (RIP3), for if there exists a non-zero vector such that for all then (on setting , which violates (RIP3’). Positive definiteness is therefore a stronger requirement than non-singularity.
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正文:英文原文
来源版本:source-snapshot-bc3404156f6e
原文位置:§5.1;PDF 页 1、2;印刷页 126、127
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中文译文
译文摘录
设 是一个实有限维向量空间,且 。向量空间 上的一个 实内积(real inner product),当不会引起混淆时通常简称为内积,是一个映射 ,它对每一对向量 、 都指定一个实数 ,并满足以下三个条件:
(RIP1) 该映射对两个自变量均对称,
(RIP2)分配律成立,
(RIP3)若对所有 均有 ,则
一个定义了内积的实向量空间 称为 实内积空间(real inner product space)。内积对第一个变量也是分配的,因为根据条件 (RIP1) 和 (RIP2),
我们常通过称内积是双线性(bilinear)来指代其在两个自变量中的线性。
由性质 (RIP3) 可知,该内积称为 非退化内积(non-singular inner product),并常被称为 伪欧氏内积(pseudo-Euclidean inner product)。有时 (RIP3) 会被更强的条件所取代
(RIP3’) 对所有向量
此时称该内积为正定(positive definite)或欧氏内积,而定义了这种内积的向量空间称为欧氏向量空间(Euclidean vector space)。条件(RIP3’)蕴含条件(RIP3),因为若存在非零向量使得对所有都有,则(取,这违反(RIP3’))。因此正定性是比非奇异性更强的要求。
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正文:中文译文
来源版本:source-snapshot-bc3404156f6e
原文位置:§5.1;PDF 页 1、2;印刷页 126、127
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Woit · §4.4 Inner products
英文原文
原文定义摘录
Definition (Inner product, real case). An inner product on a real vector space is a symmetric map
that is non-degenerate and linear in both variables.
Our real inner products will usually be positive-definite ( and ) , with indefinite inner products only appearing in the context of special relativity, where an indefinite inner product on four dimensional space-time is used.
来源与版本
正文:英文原文
来源版本:2025-10-20
原文位置:§4.4;PDF 页 55;印刷页 38
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