Szekeres · §3.2 向量空间
英文原文
原文定义摘录
A vector space consists of an additive abelian group whose elements , , … are called vectors together with a field whose elements are termed scalars. The law of composition defining the abelian group is called vector addition. There is also an operation called scalar multiplication, which assigns a vector to any pair . The identity element 0 for vector addition, satisfying for all vectors , is termed the zero vector, and the inverse of any vector is denoted . In principle there can be a minor confusion in the use of the same symbol for vector addition and scalar addition, and the same symbol 0 both for the zero vector and the zero scalar. It should, however, always be clear from the context which is being used. A similar remark applies to scalar multiplication and field multiplication of scalars . The full list of axioms to be satisfied by a vector space is:
(VS1) For all and
(VS2) .
(VS3) .
(VS4) .
(VS5) .
A vector space is often referred to as a vector space over a field or simply a vector space when the field of scalars is implied by some introductory phrase such as ‘let be a real vector space’, or ‘ is a complex vector space’.
Since it follows that for any vector . Furthermore, is the additive inverse of since, by . It is also common to write in place of , so that . Vectors are often given distinctive notations such as , , … or , etc. to distinguish them from scalars, but we will only adopt such notations in specific instances.
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正文:英文原文
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原文位置:§3.2;PDF 页 2、3;印刷页 60、61
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中文译文
译文摘录
一个向量空间(vector space) 由一个加法阿贝尔群组成,其元素、、……称为向量(vector),并配有一个域,其元素称为标量(scalar)。定义该阿贝尔群的复合律称为向量加法(vector addition)。此外还有一种运算称为标量乘法(scalar multiplication),它将一个向量对应于任意一对。向量加法的恒等元0,对所有向量满足,称为零向量(zero vector),而任意向量的逆元记为。原则上,使用同一符号表示向量加法和标量加法,以及使用同一符号0既表示零向量又表示零标量,可能会引起轻微的混淆。然而,从上下文中应当总能清楚正在使用的是哪一个。类似的说明也适用于标量乘法与标量的域乘法。向量空间需满足的全部公理列表如下:
(VS1) 对于所有 和
(VS2) 。
(VS3) 。
(VS4) 。
(VS5) 。
向量空间 常称为域 上的向量空间 ,或简称为向量空间 ,当标量域由诸如“设 为实向量空间”或“ 是复向量空间”之类的引言暗示时。
由 可知,对任意向量 都有 。此外, 是 的加法逆元,因为由 可得。也常将 写作 ,从而 。向量通常用 、、…… 或 等独特记号表示,以区别于标量,但我们仅在特定情形下采用此类记号。
来源与版本
正文:中文译文
来源版本:source-snapshot-bc3404156f6e
原文位置:§3.2;PDF 页 2、3;印刷页 60、61
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Woit · §4.1 Vector spaces and linear maps
英文原文
原文讨论摘录
A vector space over a field is a set with a consistent way to take linear combinations of elements with coefficients in . We will only be using the cases and , so such finite dimensional will just be or . Choosing a basis (set of linearly independent vectors) , an arbitrary vector can be written as
giving an explicit identification of with -tuples of real or complex numbers which we will usually write as column vectors
来源与版本
正文:英文原文
来源版本:2025-10-20
原文位置:§4.1;PDF 页 51;印刷页 34
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