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Woit · 2025-10-20
已登记出处中的最早位置:§31.2 · zh-CN。
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§31.2 · zh-CN · machine_draft · machine-draft-not-reviewed
负范数态使通常的物理解释失效,因为这个负数本应表示系统处于该态的概率。这类量子系统称为“鬼(ghosts)”。它们确实可用于描述某些量子系统,但前提是存在一种机制,使负范数态相消,或以其他方式将其从理论的物理态空间中移除。
§31.2 · en · machine_draft · machine-draft-not-reviewed
Having such negative-norm states ruins any standard interpretation of this as a physical system, since this negative number is supposed to the probability of finding the system in this state. Such quantum systems are called “ghosts”, and do have applications in the description of various quantum systems, but only when a mechanism exists for the negative-norm states to cancel or otherwise be removed from the physical state space of the theory.