§45.1: U(1) gauge connection acting on a charged field.
别名:Covariant derivative;协变导数
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Woit · 2025-10-20
已登记出处中的最早位置:§45.1 · zh-CN。
来源短摘录与定位
§45.1 · zh-CN · machine_draft · machine-draft-not-reviewed
定义(协变导数)
给定一个联络 ,沿 方向的相伴协变导数是算符
有了这个定义,规范变换的效应是
§45.1 · en · machine_draft · machine-draft-not-reviewed
Definition (Covariant derivative)
Given a connection , the associated covariant derivative in the direction is the operator
With this definition, the efect of a gauge transformation is
If one replaces derivatives by covariant derivatives, terms in a Hamiltonian such as